Efecto del contexto, rutinas y funcionamiento en la salud de familias mexicanas con diabetes tipo 2

RESUMEN Objetivo: Explicar el efecto del contexto, rutinas y funcionamiento familiar en la salud de familias mexicanas donde un integrante padece Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Material y Métodos: Diseño transversal-correlacional; previo consentimiento informado el reclutamiento y recogida de datos fue entre enero a abril de 2015; participaron 60 díadas familiares (n=120), conformadas por persona con DM2 y cuidador familiar, entre 18 a 66 años, sin distinción de género, que hubieran convivido bajo el mismo techo al menos por un año y asistían a consulta en una institución de salud en México durante el 2015. El contexto familiar se midió con una cédula, dos escalas midieron rutinas, funcionamiento y salud familiar. Resultados: Predominaron las mujeres (64,2%), de 47,5 (±11,5) años de edad, con escolaridad de 7,2 años (± 4,4), los enfermos diagnosticados hace 11,5 años (± 8,4), con tratamiento desde hace 9,2 años (± 8,6). Se encontraron interrelaciones significativas entre las variables del contexto (edad, años de estudio, tiempo de diagnóstico y tratamiento), rutinas y funcionamiento con la salud familiar (todas entre p≤ ,0001 y p ≤ ,005). El funcionamiento explicó el 39,1% y las rutinas el 18,8% de la varianza de la salud familiar (R2 ajustada= , 391; F(1,118)= 77,4; p≤ ,0001; R2ajustada= ,188; F(1,118)= 28,6; p≤ ,0001). El funcionamiento explicó la varianza de rutinas en 19,3% (R2= ,193; F(1,118)= 28,1 p≤ ,0001). Conclusiones: La salud familiar se relaciona significativamente con el contexto, rutinas y funcionamiento de las díadas familiares que viven con diabetes tipo 2; además la salud familiar está influida significativamente por rutinas y funcionamiento familiar.

ABSTRACT Objective: To explain the effect of the context, routines and family functioning on the health of Mexican families where a member suffers from Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: Cross-correlational design; after prior informed consent, recruitment and data collection were carried out between January and April 2015. The sample included 60 family dyads (n = 120), consisting of a person with 2DM and a family caregiver, between 18 and 66 years old, without gender distinction, who had lived in the same home for at least one year and attended a consultation in a health institution in Mexico during 2015. The family context was measured with a card, two scales measured routines, family functioning and health. Results: There were more women (64.2%), aged 47.5 (± 11.5), with 7.2 years (± 4.4) of schooling; patients diagnosed 11.5 years ago (± 8.4), under treatment for 9.2 years (± 8.6). Significant interrelations were found between the context variables (age, years of study, diagnosis and treatment time), routines, and functioning regarding family health (all between p≤ .0001 and p ≤ .005). Functioning explained 39.1% and routines 18.8% of the family health variance (adjusted R2= .391; F (1.118) = 77.4 p≤ .0001; adjusted R2= .188; F (1.118) = 28.6 p≤ .0001). Functioning also explained the variance of routines in 19.3% (R2 = .193; F (1.118) = 28.1 p≤ .0001). Conclusions: Family health is significantly related to the context, routines and functioning of family dyads living with type 2 diabetes. In addition, family health is significantly influenced by routines and family functioning.

RESUMO Objetivo: Explicar o efeito do contexto, rotinas e funcionamento na saúde de famílias mexicanas onde um membro sofre de Diabetes mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2). Material e Métodos: Desenho transversal-correlacional; com consentimento informado prévio o recrutamento e coleta dos dados foram entre janeiro e abril de 2015; participaram 60 díades familiares (n = 120), formadas por pessoa com DM2 e cuidador familiar, entre 18 e 66 anos, sem distinção de gênero, que moraram na mesma casa por pelo menos um ano e que assistiam a uma consulta em uma instituição de saúde no México durante 2015. O contexto familiar foi medido com um cartão, duas escalas avaliaram as rotinas, o funcionamento e a saúde familiar. Resultados: Predominaram as mulheres (64,2%), de 47,5 (±11,5) anos, com escolaridade de 7,2 anos (± 4,4), as pessoas diagnosticadas há 11,5 anos (± 8,4), com tratamento há 9,2 anos (± 8,6). Foram encontradas inter-relações significativas entre as variáveis do contexto (idade, anos de estudo, tempo de diagnóstico e de tratamento), rotinas e funcionamento com a saúde familiar (todas entre p≤ ,0001 e p≤ ,005). O funcionamento explicou o 39,1% e as rotinas o 18,8% da variância da saúde familiar (R2ajustada= ,391; F(1,118)= 77,4 p≤ ,0001; R2 ajustada= ,188; F(1,118)= 28,6 p≤ ,0001). O funcionamento explicou a variância das rotinas em 19,3% (R2= ,193; F(1,118)= 28,1 p≤ ,0001). Conclusões: A saúde familiar está significativamente relacionada ao contexto, rotinas e funcionamento das díades familiares que vivem com diabetes tipo 2; além disso, a saúde familiar está significativamente influenciada por rotinas e funcionamento familiar.

Obesity, physical activity and prediabetes in adult children of people with diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: Determine prevalence of obesity / overweight, physical activity (PA) and prediabetes in adult children of parents with type 2 diabetes; identify differences according to sociodemographic variables, and describe the relationship of obesity/overweight with fasting glucose (FG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C). METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 30 Mexican families with 53 participating adult children. Obesity / overweight was determined with Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP); PA with the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and prediabetes with FG. RESULTS: 64% of participants presented obesity / overweight, 32% low PA, and 19% prediabetes. Men had higher WC than women (U= 219, p= 0.03). Women showed more BFP than men (U= 142, p <0.01). Blood glucose was related to BFP (rs= 0.336, p < 0.05), the A1C with the BMI (rs= 0.417, p <0.01), WC (rs= 0.394, p<0.01), BFP (rs= 0.494, p<0.01) and intense PA (rs= - 0.285, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of obesity / overweight and low PA were found. The FG was related only to BFP and A1C, in addition to BMI, WC and inversely with intense BP. It is recommended to modify the educational strategies of nursing at a family level.

Obesity, physical activity and prediabetes in adult children of people with diabetes / Obesidade, atividade física e pré-diabetes em filhos de pessoas com diabetes / Obesidad, actividad física y prediabetes en hijos de personas con diabetes

ABSTRACT Objectives: Determine prevalence of obesity / overweight, physical activity (PA) and prediabetes in adult children of parents with type 2 diabetes; identify differences according to sociodemographic variables, and describe the relationship of obesity/overweight with fasting glucose (FG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C). Methods: Cross-sectional study in 30 Mexican families with 53 participating adult children. Obesity / overweight was determined with Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP); PA with the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and prediabetes with FG. Results: 64% of participants presented obesity / overweight, 32% low PA, and 19% prediabetes. Men had higher WC than women (U= 219, p= 0.03). Women showed more BFP than men (U= 142, p <0.01). Blood glucose was related to BFP (rs= 0.336, p < 0.05), the A1C with the BMI (rs= 0.417, p <0.01), WC (rs= 0.394, p<0.01), BFP (rs= 0.494, p<0.01) and intense PA (rs= - 0.285, p<0.05). Conclusions: High prevalence of obesity / overweight and low PA were found. The FG was related only to BFP and A1C, in addition to BMI, WC and inversely with intense BP. It is recommended to modify the educational strategies of nursing at a family level.

RESUMO Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de obesidade/sobrepeso, atividade física (AF) e pré-diabetes em filhos de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2; identificar diferenças de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas e descrever a relação de obesidade/sobrepeso com a glicose em jejum (GJ) e a hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Métodos: Estudo transversal em 30 famílias mexicanas com 53 filhos participantes. A obesidade/sobrepeso foi determinada por meio do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência da Cintura (CC) e percentual de gordura corporal (GC); a AF com o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física curto (IPAQ) e pré-diabetes com a GJ. Resultados: 64% dos participantes apresentaram obesidade/sobrepeso, 32% baixa AF e 19% pré-diabetes. Os homens tiveram maior CC do que as mulheres (U= 219, p= 0.03). As mulheres mostraram mais GC do que os homens (U= 142, p <0.01). A glicose sanguínea esteve relacionada com a GC (rs= 0.336, p < 0.05), a HbA1c com o IMC (rs= 0.417, p <0.01), CC (rs= 0.394, p<0.01), GC (rs= 0.494, p<0.01) e AF intensa (rs= - 0.285, p<0.05). Conclusões: Foram encontradas altas prevalências de obesidade/sobrepeso e baixa AF. A GJ esteve relacionada somente com a GC e a HbA1c, além da GC, teve relação com o IMC, CC e de maneira inversa com a AF intensa. Recomenda-se modificar as estratégias educativas de enfermagem a nível familiar.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Determinar prevalencia de obesidad/sobrepeso, actividad física (AF) y prediabetes en hijos de personas con diabetes tipo 2; identificar diferencias de acuerdo a variables sociodemográficas y describir la relación de obesidad/sobrepeso con glucosa en ayuno (GA) y hemoglobina glucosilada (A1c). Métodos: Estudio transversal en 30 familias mexicanas con 53 hijos participantes. La obesidad/sobrepeso se determinó con Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), Circunferencia de Cintura (CC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC); la AF con el cuestionario IPAQ corto y prediabetes con GA. Resultados: 64% de los participantes presentó obesidad/sobrepeso, 32% baja AF y 19% prediabetes. Los hombres tuvieron mayor CC que las mujeres (U= 219, p= 0.03). Las mujeres mostraron más GC que los hombres (U= 142, p <0.01). La glucosa sanguínea estuvo relacionada con la GC (rs= 0.336, p < 0.05), la A1c con el IMC (rs= 0.417, p <0.01), CC (rs= 0.394, p<0.01), GC (rs= 0.494, p<0.01) y AF intensa (rs= - 0.285, p<0.05). Conclusiones: Se encontraron altas prevalencias de obesidad/sobrepeso y baja AF. La GA estuvo relacionada sólo con GC y la A1c además con el IMC, CC y de manera inversa con la AF intensa. Se recomienda modificar las estrategias educativas de enfermería a nivel familiar.

[Depressive disorder and issues related to DiabetIMSS beneficiaries]. / Trastorno depresivo y aspectos relacionados con beneficiarios DiabetIMSS.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is the leading cause of death in people from 15 to 64 years in Mexico, and other regions in the world. For the chronic nature of diabetes and complications caused by inadequate metabolic control, patients may have mood disorders such as depression. Several studies have demonstrated higher prevalence of depression in diabetic patients than in general population. Our objective: is to determine prevalence and factors associated with depressive disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in DiabetIMSS during 2010. METHODS: Analytical study with random probability sampling. The analysis included prevalence, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The Center Epidemiological Studies Depression Instrument was used. RESULTS: Prevalence of depression was 32.7% at 95% CI = 26.4-38.9%), 67.3% for women, 32.7 % for men; good metabolic control was 51.9%, CI = 95% (45.13-58.66%). CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher prevalence of depressive disorders than in the general population, no statistical association with glycemic control, keeping a greater proportion of women as well as the main aspect of depression associated with the perception of emotional support. We discuss DiabetIMSS program effectiveness.